Guidelines for Authors

Mandatory Pre-Submission Checklist

Before submitting a manuscript to the  Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD) International Symposium, authors must confirm that all the following requirements have been satisfied:

  1. Official template: The full paper has been prepared exactly according to the official IGD Full Paper Template. The page layout, margins, fonts, font sizes, headings, spacing, columns, and all other formatting elements have been preserved without modification.
  2. Word format only: The manuscript is submitted as one complete, editable Microsoft Word file (.docx). PDF files or manuscripts prepared in another format will not be accepted.
  3. Citations and references: All in-text citations and reference-list entries follow the citation and reference style specified in the official template. Every cited source appears in the reference list, and every listed reference is cited in the manuscript.
  4. Full paper submission: The uploaded document is a complete full paper. Abstract-only submissions will not be accepted, reviewed, or considered for presentation.
  5. Language and proofreading: The manuscript is written entirely in clear academic English and has been carefully checked for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and academic writing quality.
  6. Author information: The names, institutional affiliations, countries, and full ORCID links of all authors have been entered accurately and consistently in both the manuscript and the online submission system.
  7. Figures and tables: All figures and tables are clear, correctly numbered, appropriately captioned, cited in the text, and positioned within the prescribed margins of the template.
  8. Final clean version: The submitted Word file is the final clean version and contains no tracked changes, comments, highlighted revisions, hidden notes, or incomplete sections.

Manuscripts that do not satisfy these requirements may be returned to the authors for technical correction before being considered for peer review.

Following the review process, authors of accepted papers will receive an Acceptance Letter and a unique Manuscript Number. The Manuscript Number and the complete title of the paper must be provided in all subsequent communications with the symposium secretariat.

 

Download the Full Paper Template

Please download and use the official IGD Full Paper Template:

 

Online Full Paper Submission

SUBMIT YOUR FULL PAPER USING THE FOLLOWING LINK: https://conferences.yakarm.com/IGD/user/register

The official online submission system provided above is the only accepted platform for submitting full papers. Manuscripts sent by email will not be accepted or processed.

 

 

 Important Language Policy

Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD) is an international symposium. English is the only official language of the symposium. Accordingly, all submitted manuscripts, publications, presentations, presentation materials, and academic correspondence must be prepared and delivered in English.

 

Manuscript Structure

 Title

Craft a concise, informative title that signals the study’s unique angle, highlights the specific gap it addresses, and hints at the principal contribution. Prefer active phrasing and, where relevant, embed key variables, study context or method so that readers can immediately grasp the manuscript’s novelty.

 

Abstract

In fewer than 200 words, summarise the rationale, distinct knowledge gap, methodological approach and principal findings, concluding with the study’s theoretical and/or practical contribution. Ensure every sentence adds value; avoid citations, undefined acronyms and speculation.

 Introduction

Situate the reader within current scholarship, clearly identifying the unresolved theoretical, methodological or empirical lacuna your study tackles. State explicit objectives or research questions, explain why the gap matters in broader disciplinary debates, and preview how your work advances understanding.

 

  1. Materials and Methods

Describe data sources, sampling, instruments and analytical techniques with enough detail to enable replication, emphasising any innovative protocols or mixed-method designs that strengthen validity. Justify methodological choices by linking them to the stated research gap and by explaining how they enhance originality.

 

  1. Results

Present findings logically—often from most to least novel—using tables or figures only where they add clarity. Highlight results that directly answer the research questions and demonstrate how they extend, refine or challenge existing theories.

 

  1. Discussion

Interpret the results in relation to prior studies, explaining how they close (or re-frame) the identified gap and what fresh avenues they open for scholarship or practice. Address limitations candidly and suggest future research that would build upon the article’s contribution.

 

  1. Conclusions

Recapitulate the main insights and their significance without restating data. Emphasise original contributions to theory, policy or professional practice, and articulate clear, evidence-based recommendations or conceptual advances.

 

Acknowledgements
Authors are invited to express their gratitude to the individuals or organisations whose input materially assisted the study but does not justify authorship (for example, language revision, technical or data-collection support).

Note: Place this section immediately before the reference list. It must not appear on the title page, as a footnote, or elsewhere in the manuscript.

Examples

  1. The authors thank Prof A. Khan (University of Leeds) for his constructive comments on an earlier draft.
  2. We are grateful to Ms L. Patel for her assistance with GIS mapping and figure preparation.
  3. Special thanks to the City of Manchester Archives for granting access to historical planning documents.
  4. The language editing carried out by Cambridge Proof-Reading Services is acknowledged with appreciation.
  5. We acknowledge the technical support of the Environmental Modelling Laboratory at Imperial College London.
  6. The authors thank the anonymous reviewers whose insights greatly improved the clarity of the manuscript.
  7. Fieldwork permission was kindly provided by the Ankara Metropolitan Municipality (Permit No 2024/115).
  8. We appreciate the statistical guidance offered by Dr J. Li of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.

 

Funding
State all sources of financial support for the research. Where no external funding was secured, include the sentence:
“This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.”
If funding was provided, give full details, e.g. “This work was supported by the UK Research and Innovation Council [grant number XXXXXXX].”

Examples

  1. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement No 789456.
  2. Funding was provided by the Royal Society International Exchanges Scheme (IES\R2\2023\0156).
  3. The project received seed funding from the Alanya University Scientific Research Fund (Project No AU-SRF-2024-08).
  4. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
  5. Financial support was partially provided by Arup Group Ltd through an industry-academia collaboration contract.
  6. The data-collection phase was financed by a Turkish Burslari scholarship awarded to the first author.
  7. Publication fees were covered by the Horizon-Europe Open-Access Fund, University of Glasgow.
  8. This study forms part of the “Green Corridors” project funded by the Ministry of Environment, Spain (Grant PID2023-0645).

 

Conflicts of Interest
Declare any personal or institutional interests that could be viewed as influencing the research. Where no such interests exist, use:
“The author(s) report no conflicts of interest.”

Examples

  1. Author A serves on the advisory board of UrbanEco Ltd, which may benefit from the study findings.
  2. Author B has received consultancy fees from SmartCity Planning Solutions in the past three years.
  3. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
  4. Author C is a shareholder in Eco-Transport Plc; all other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
  5. Author D’s spouse is employed by the Department of Housing, which oversees related policy areas.
  6. No conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.
  7. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, interpretation or the decision to publish.
  8. Author E is Editor-in-Chief of this journal but had no involvement in the peer-review of this manuscript.

 

Data Availability Statement
Indicate how readers can access the underlying data. If all datasets are included within the article or its supplementary files, state this and provide contact details for further enquiries.

Examples

  1. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary files.
  2. The anonymised interview transcripts are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
  3. Geospatial datasets used in the analysis can be accessed through the OpenAIRE repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.9876543).
  4. Due to ethical restrictions, survey data are not publicly available but may be obtained from the authors with IRB approval.
  5. The code for the simulation model is deposited on GitHub (https://github.com/urban-lab/green-corridors, commit 7f3ad2e).
  6. Supporting data are stored in the Figshare archive under licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://figshare.com/articles/12345678).
  7. The satellite imagery belongs to Planet Labs and cannot be shared; processed outputs are available on request.
  8. No new data were created or analysed in this study; all sources are cited within the article.

 

Institutional Review Board Statement
For studies involving human participants or animals, supply the ethics committee name, approval code and date, and confirm adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki. If ethical approval was not required, state “Not applicable.”

Examples

  1. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Alanya University (Approval No AU-2025-004, 12 January 2025).
  2. Animal procedures complied with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and were approved by the Home Office (Licence PP1234567).
  3. Not applicable.
  4. The research involved publicly available datasets and thus did not require ethical approval.
  5. Ethical clearance was granted by the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref HREC-2024-8234).
  6. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
  7. The project adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki principles and local data-protection regulations.
  8. The Institutional Review Board of the National University of Singapore waived the requirement for ethics review (Waiver No NUS-IRB-2023-W48).

 

CRediT Author Statement
Detail each author’s contribution using the CRediT taxonomy (Conceptualisation; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualisation; Writing – original draft; Writing – review & editing). Conclude with:
“All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.”

A separate author-contribution file employing these CRediT roles must also be uploaded with the submission.

Examples

Conceptualisation: A.N.; Methodology: A.N., B.K.; Writing – original draft: B.K.; Writing – review & editing: A.N., C.D.; Visualisation: C.D.; Supervision: A.N. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: X.Y.; Data curation: X.Y.; Formal analysis: X.Y., Z.Q.; Investigation: Z.Q.; Writing – original draft: X.Y.; Writing – review & editing: Z.Q.; Funding acquisition: X.Y. All authors have read and approved…

Conceptualisation: S.R.; Methodology: S.R.; Software: J.M.; Validation: S.R., J.M.; Resources: L.P.; Writing – original draft: S.R.; Writing – review & editing: L.P.; Supervision: L.P. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: K.T.; Data curation: K.T.; Formal analysis: M.W.; Visualisation: M.W.; Writing – original draft: K.T.; Writing – review & editing: K.T., M.W.; Project administration: K.T. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: P.S.; Funding acquisition: P.S.; Investigation: P.S., R.V.; Methodology: R.V.; Supervision: P.S.; Writing – original draft: R.V.; Writing – review & editing: P.S. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: L.H.; Methodology: L.H.; Software: M.T.; Validation: L.H., M.T.; Visualisation: M.T.; Writing – original draft: L.H.; Writing – review & editing: L.H., M.T.; Supervision: L.H. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: D.J.; Data curation: D.J.; Investigation: D.J., F.A.; Writing – original draft: D.J.; Writing – review & editing: D.J., F.A.; Project administration: F.A. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conceptualisation: E.O.; Methodology: E.O.; Formal analysis: E.O.; Resources: G.C.; Writing – original draft: E.O.; Writing – review & editing: E.O., G.C.; Validation: G.C.; Funding acquisition: E.O. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

 

References

-   Select sources solely from Web of Science Core Collection via https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/basic-search.

-   Limit eligibility to articles published within the last four calendar years.

-   Include only peer-reviewed research articles or systematic reviews; omit editorials, letters and conference abstracts.

-   Choose papers directly aligned with the manuscript’s scope, title and research questions.

-   Prioritise journals ranked Q1 or Q2 in Journal Citation Reports to enhance citation quality.

-   Favour primary empirical work or rigorous meta-analyses that close an identified knowledge gap.

-   Cap self-citations at 2 % of the total reference list to preserve objectivity.

-   Provide a full DOI hyperlink for every citation in the form https://doi.org/xxxxxxx.

-   Record each entry in APA 7th edition style using UK spelling conventions.

-   Supply complete bibliographic details—authors, year, article title, journal title (in full), volume, issue, page range or article number.

-   Enter and format all references with recognised citation-management software (EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley or Word’s Referencing tool).

-   Conduct a duplicate-reference check to ensure each source appears only once.

-   Cross-verify in-text citations and the reference list for one-to-one correspondence.

-   Arrange entries in alphabetical order by first author’s surname, using hanging indentation and double spacing.

-   Avoid citing predatory or non-indexed journals, even if they appear in secondary databases.

 

Online (live) Presentation Instructions for Authors via Zoom

-  Use the official conference PowerPoint template.

-  Limit your presentation to 15 slides maximum to fit the 7-minute slot comfortably.

-  Practise your talk in advance to ensure you finish exactly within 7 minutes.

-  A live 3-minute Q&A will follow each presentation; be prepared to answer succinctly.

-  Test your microphone and webcam with Zooms built-in diagnostics the day before.

-  Use headphones with an integrated mic to reduce echo and background noise.

-  Display your full name and affiliation in the Zoom participant list.

-  Presentations must be delivered live via Zoom; pre-recorded videos will not be accepted this year.

-  Install the latest Zoom client and test screen-sharing of a PowerPoint file before the event.

-  Join your session at least 30 minutes before it starts for an audio-visual check.

-  Use a wired or stable high-speed internet connection to avoid drop-outs.

-  Ensure your camera is on and you are clearly visible throughout the presentation and Q&A.

-  Use a quiet, well-lit environment with a neutral background to minimise distractions.

-  Embed all fonts and media; avoid external links, macros, or autoplay audio.

-  Use font sizes no smaller than 24 pt to guarantee readability on all screens.

-  Ensure all images are high-resolution and properly credited in a small footer.

-  Stick to professional language and visuals; offensive or discriminatory content is prohibited.

-  Mute mobile phones and disable desktop notifications before you go live.

-  If co-authors are present, designate one primary speaker to avoid confusion.

-  Keep animations minimal; complex transitions can lag during screen-sharing.

-  Authors who fail to appear on time will forfeit their slot and risk removal from proceedings.

-  Dress in smart casual attire suitable for an international academic audience.

-  Respect the session chairs time cues; speaking beyond 7 minutes will cut into Q&A.

 

PowerPoint Structure

All authors are strongly recommended to use the official  PowerPoint template provided by the organising committee for preparing their presentations. This ensures visual consistency, professional quality, and alignment with the conference branding. Presentations must adhere strictly to the format, layout, and colour scheme of the provided template. Please  Download the Template from the following link: https://www.iccaua.com/PDFs/ICCAUA2026/Templates/Manuscript_Number_AuthorsName.ppt 

General Presentation Policies:

  1. The total presentation time is 7 minutes for content delivery, followed by 3 minutes for audience questions.
  2. Any presentation exceeding 7 minutes will be immediately stopped by the Session Chair to maintain fairness in timing.
  3. All slides must be clear, concise, and free of excessive text; prioritise bullet points over long paragraphs.
  4. Use high-quality images, graphs, and figures to support your scientific content, ensuring they are properly labelled and referenced.
  5. Include the manuscript number, title, author names, affiliations, and contact email on the first slide as per the template.
  6. Ensure that key scientific aspects of your paper are presented:
    • Research background and problem statement.
    • Objectives and aims of the study.
    • Methodology and data sources.
    • Key findings and results (with relevant charts/figures).
    • Analysis and interpretation of results.
    • Conclusions and implications.
    • Future research recommendations.
  7. All text must be in a readable font size (minimum 20pt) and in colours that ensure high contrast against the background.
  8. Avoid animations or transitions that may distract from the scientific content.
  9. Presentation files must be submitted to the conference technical team at least 24 hours before your session.
  10. Speakers must arrive in the session room at least 15 minutes before the start to test their presentation.
  11. The language of presentation is English; presenters must ensure clear and professional delivery.
  12. Plagiarism in visuals or text will not be tolerated; all content must comply with copyright and ethical standards.

 

Reference and Citation Guidelines

Numeric Citation Style with APA-Based Reference Formatting

10th International Symposium on Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD)

These guidelines establish the mandatory citation, reference, and related manuscript-formatting requirements for papers submitted to the Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD) Symposium. The Symposium uses a numeric in-text citation system combined with an APA-based bibliographic format in the reference list. Authors are responsible for the completeness, accuracy, relevance, and consistency of all citations and references.

Manuscripts that do not comply with these requirements may be returned to the authors for technical correction before review, acceptance, or publication. For the latest templates, submission requirements, and official announcements, authors must consult the AED Symposium website.

1. General Principles

  • References must be cited numerically in the order in which they first appear in the manuscript.
  • Citation numbers must be enclosed in square brackets: [1], [2], [3].
  • The reference list must be arranged numerically, not alphabetically.
  • Each source must retain the same number every time it is cited.
  • Every in-text citation must correspond to one complete entry in the reference list.
  • Every reference-list entry must be cited at least once in the manuscript.
  • References must be complete, accurate, relevant, and traceable to their original sources.
  • Authors must cite the original publication whenever it is reasonably available instead of relying on an indirect or secondary citation.
  • The use of reference-management software does not remove the authors’ responsibility to verify every citation and bibliographic entry.
  • Citations should support specific scientific statements, methods, data, interpretations, or arguments. References must not be added merely to increase the length of the reference list or to manipulate citation counts.

2. In-Text Citation Requirements

2.1 Basic citation forms

  • Cite one source as [1].
  • Cite two non-consecutive sources as [2, 5].
  • Cite three or more non-consecutive sources as [1, 4, 9].
  • Cite consecutive sources as a range using an en dash: [5–8].
  • Combine consecutive and non-consecutive sources as [1, 3, 6–11].
  • List citation numbers in ascending numerical order within the same set of brackets.
  • Do not use separate brackets for sources cited at the same point. Use [2, 5, 8], not [2] [5] [8].
  • Do not write “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” unless the wording is grammatically necessary. In most cases, the citation number alone is sufficient.

2.2 Placement of citations

Citation numbers should normally be placed immediately after the statement, name, finding, method, or data they support and before the closing punctuation.

Correct:

  • This method has been applied successfully in previous engineering studies [3].
  • Similar results have been reported in several climatic regions [2, 5–7].
  • Smith [4] demonstrated that the proposed model improved predictive accuracy.
  • The framework developed by Brown and Lee [8] was adopted in the present study.

Incorrect:

  • This method has been applied successfully in previous engineering studies. [3]
  • Smith (2025) demonstrated that the proposed model improved predictive accuracy.
  • Similar results have been reported [2] [5] [6] [7].

Author–date citations, such as “Smith (2025)” or “(Smith & Brown, 2025),” must not be used. When an author’s name forms part of the sentence, the numeric citation must immediately follow the name: Smith [4], Smith and Brown [5], or Smith et al. [6].

2.3 Repeated citations

A source receives its number when it is first cited and must retain that number throughout the manuscript. A previously cited source must never be assigned a new number.

Example: If a source is first cited as [6], all later citations to that source must also appear as [6].

2.4 Direct quotations and specific pages

Direct quotations should be used sparingly in scientific papers. When a direct quotation is scientifically necessary, include the relevant page number after the reference number.

  • One page: [7, p. 45]
  • Several pages: [7, pp. 45–47]
  • Several cited sources with specific pages: [4, p. 18; 9, pp. 72–74]

Quotation marks must be used for brief verbatim quotations. Longer quotations should be formatted according to the official manuscript template. Authors are responsible for obtaining permission when copyrighted material exceeds legally permitted quotation limits.

2.5 Citations in the Abstract, tables, figures, and supplementary material

  • References should not normally be cited in the Abstract. The Abstract must be understandable as a self-contained summary.
  • References first cited in a table, figure caption, note, or supplementary section must be incorporated into the same consecutive numerical sequence used in the main text.
  • A source cited in a table or figure must also appear in the reference list.
  • Sources for reproduced or adapted tables and figures must be cited in the relevant caption or note.

2.6 Secondary citations

Secondary citation should be avoided. Authors should consult and cite the original source whenever possible. If the original work cannot be accessed and a secondary citation is scientifically unavoidable, the text must make the relationship clear. Only the source actually consulted should normally appear in the reference list.

Example: Smith’s original model, as discussed by Brown [9], established the basis for the later framework.

2.7 Personal communications and unpublished material

Personal communications—including private emails, interviews, telephone conversations, and non-archived correspondence—should be cited only when essential and with the communicator’s permission. Because readers cannot retrieve them, they should be identified descriptively in the text but must not be included as numbered entries in the reference list.

Unpublished manuscripts, internal documents, or inaccessible materials should not be cited unless their use is scientifically necessary and their status is clearly identified.

3. Reference List Formatting

3.1 Order and numbering

  • Place the reference list at the end of the manuscript under the heading References.
  • Arrange entries numerically according to their first citation in the manuscript.
  • Begin every entry with its citation number in square brackets: [1], [2], [3].
  • Do not arrange the list alphabetically.
  • Do not renumber references manually without checking all corresponding in-text citations.
  • Each source must appear only once. If the same source is cited repeatedly, reuse its original number.

3.2 Author names

  • Write each author’s surname first, followed by the initials of the given and middle names.
  • The required order is: Surname, N. N. Do not write the initials before the surname.
  • Do not write authors’ full given names.
  • Separate all authors with commas and place an ampersand (&) before the final author.
  • Preserve the spelling, initials, hyphens, diacritics, and order of names shown in the original publication.
  • List all authors exactly in the order shown in the cited publication.
  • Use the full official name of an organization when it is the author.

Examples:

  • One author: Smith, J. A.
  • Two authors: Smith, J. A., & Brown, L. M.
  • Three authors: Smith, J. A., Brown, L. M., & Johnson, C. R.
  • Four authors: Smith, J. A., Brown, L. M., Johnson, C. R., & Taylor, D. K.
  • World Health Organization.
  • International Organization for Standardization.

3.3 Publication date

  • Place the publication year in parentheses immediately after the author information: (2025).
  • Use the publication year only in every numbered reference. Do not include the month, day, season, or conference dates in the year element.
  • If no publication date is available, use (n.d.). only after confirming that the date cannot be identified.
  • For works accepted but not yet published, use (in press) only when formal acceptance has been confirmed.

3.4 Titles and capitalization

  • Titles of journal articles, book chapters, conference papers, reports, theses, dissertations, datasets, and webpages must be written in sentence case.
  • In sentence case, capitalize only the first word of the title, the first word after a colon or em dash, and proper nouns.
  • Do not place article, chapter, conference-paper, report, thesis, or dissertation titles within quotation marks.
  • Italicize titles of books, reports, proceedings volumes, theses, dissertations, datasets, software, and other standalone works where applicable.
  • Italicize journal titles and volume numbers.
  • Write journal titles in full and preserve their official capitalization. Unapproved abbreviations should not be used.

3.5 Journal volume, issue, pages, and article numbers

  • Italicize the journal title and volume number.
  • Place the issue number immediately after the volume number in parentheses; do not italicize the issue number.
  • Provide the complete page range using an en dash, for example 125–139.
  • If the journal uses an article number instead of pages, provide the article number exactly as published.
  • Include supplements, special-issue identifiers, or electronic locators when applicable.

3.6 DOIs and URLs

  • Provide a DOI whenever one has been assigned.
  • Present every DOI as an active hyperlink in the format https://doi.org/xxxxx.
  • Do not write DOIs as “doi,” “DOI xxxxx,” or through an institutional proxy link.
  • Confirm that every DOI opens the cited publication and matches its authors, title, and publication details.
  • When no DOI is available and the source is publicly accessible online, provide a stable direct URL.
  • Do not add a period after a DOI or URL because it may interfere with the hyperlink.
  • Avoid temporary, session-based, library-proxy, or search-result URLs.
  • Retrieval dates are not included in the Symposium reference format unless specifically requested by the editors.

3.7 Completeness and consistency

Every reference must include all bibliographic information applicable to its source type, which may include authors, year, title, editors, source title, volume, issue, pages or article number, edition, publisher, report number, institution, repository, DOI, or URL. Authors must apply punctuation, capitalization, italics, spacing, and ordering consistently throughout the entire list.

4. Reference Formats and Examples

The following models are illustrative. Authors must replace all placeholder information with the complete and accurate details of the source cited. Placeholder text such as https://doi.org/xxxxx, xx–xx, or Surname, N. N. must never remain in a submitted manuscript. If no DOI has been assigned, omit the DOI and provide a stable URL only when required by the applicable source format.

4.1 Journal article with a DOI

Format:

[1] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Full Journal Title, volume(issue), page range or article number. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Three-author example:

[1] Smith, J., Brown, A. B., & Johnson, C. R. (2025). Effects of urban morphology on outdoor thermal conditions. Journal of Urban Climate Research, 18(2), 125–139. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Four-author example:

[2] Smith, J., Brown, A. B., Johnson, C. R., & Taylor, D. K. (2025). Effects of building configuration on neighbourhood energy performance. Journal of Sustainable Engineering Research, 12(3), 210–224. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.2 Journal article without a DOI

[3] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the article. Full Journal Title, volume(issue), page range. Stable URL

If no DOI exists and the article was accessed from a standard academic database, a database URL is not normally required unless it is necessary for retrieval.

4.3 Journal article using an article number

[4] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the article. Full Journal Title, volume(issue), Article xxxxxx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.4 Book

[5] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the book in sentence case (Edition if applicable). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Example:

[5] Smith, J. A., Brown, L. M., & Johnson, C. R. (2024). Sustainable engineering systems: Principles and applications (2nd ed.). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.5 Edited book

[6] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Eds.). (Year). Title of the edited book. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.6 Chapter in an edited book

[7] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the chapter. In N. N. Surname & N. N. Surname (Eds.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.7 Paper in published conference proceedings

[8] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the conference paper. Title of the conference proceedings, xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.8 Paper published in the AED Symposium Proceedings

[9] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (2026). Title of the paper. Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD), xx–xx. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.9 Conference presentation not formally published

[10] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the presentation [Conference presentation]. Full Name of Conference, City, Country or Online. URL

Authors should prefer the formally published proceedings paper when one exists.

4.10 Technical or institutional report

[11] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the report (Report No. xxx, if applicable). Publisher or Institution. https://doi.org/xxxxx or URL

When an organization is the author:

[11] Name of Organization. (Year). Title of the report (Report No. xxx, if applicable). Publisher or Institution. URL

4.11 Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis

[12] Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the dissertation or thesis [Doctoral dissertation or Master’s thesis, Name of Institution]. Repository or Database. URL

4.12 Webpage

[13] Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL

When an organization is the author:

[13] Name of Organization. (Year). Title of the webpage. Website Name. URL

If the author and website name are identical, the website name may be omitted to avoid repetition.

4.13 Dataset

[14] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the dataset (Version x) [Data set]. Repository. https://doi.org/xxxxx

4.14 Software or computer program

[15] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Name of software (Version x) [Computer software]. Publisher or Repository. URL

4.15 Standard

[16] Standards Organization. (Year). Standard number: Title of the standard. Publisher or Standards Organization. URL

Example:

[16] International Organization for Standardization. (Year). ISO xxxxx: Title of the standard. URL

4.16 Patent

[17] Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the patent (Country Patent No. xxxxx). Patent Office. URL

4.17 Preprint

[18] Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., Surname, N. N., & Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the manuscript [Preprint]. Repository. https://doi.org/xxxxx

Preprints should be cited cautiously, clearly identified as not necessarily peer reviewed, and replaced with the final published version when available.

4.18 Government document or policy

[19] Government Department or Agency. (Year). Title of the document or policy (Document No. xxx, if applicable). Publisher. URL

4.19 Online news article

[20] Surname, N. N. (Year). Title of the article. News Organization. URL

News sources should be used only when appropriate to the research question and should not replace scholarly evidence for scientific claims.

5. Selection and Scientific Quality of References

Authors must build the reference list through a transparent and academically defensible selection process.

  • Priority should be given to relevant publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection.
  • Authors are encouraged to prioritize research published within the last four calendar years, while seminal or foundational works may be included when scientifically necessary.
  • Priority should be given to peer-reviewed original research articles, systematic reviews, and rigorous meta-analyses.
  • References must be directly relevant to the manuscript’s scope, objectives, research questions, theoretical framework, methodology, analysis, discussion, or findings.
  • Where suitable literature is available, authors are encouraged to prioritize reputable Q1 and Q2 journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR).
  • Primary empirical evidence should be cited for factual, methodological, and causal claims whenever possible.
  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses may be used to establish the broader state of knowledge but should not replace relevant primary sources.
  • Editorials, letters, conference abstracts, promotional materials, anonymous webpages, non-scholarly content, and unreliable sources should generally be avoided unless their use is specifically justified.
  • Predatory, deceptive, discontinued for publication concerns, or otherwise unreliable journals and publishers must not be used.
  • An article’s presence in a search engine or general database does not by itself establish its scientific quality.
  • Authors must avoid citation padding, citation cartels, coercive citation, honorary citation, and the inclusion of sources that were not consulted.
  • Excessive self-citation must be avoided. Self-citations should normally constitute no more than 2% of the total reference list, unless additional citations are indispensable to the scientific context and can be clearly justified.
  • References must reflect the international and interdisciplinary literature relevant to the study rather than being limited unnecessarily to one author, institution, journal, country, or research group.
  • Retracted publications must not be cited as valid scientific evidence. If a retracted work is discussed for research-integrity purposes, its retracted status must be explicitly stated.
  • Authors are responsible for checking whether cited works have been corrected, retracted, or formally questioned.

6. Reference Management and Verification

Authors are strongly encouraged to use recognized reference-management software, such as EndNote, Zotero, Mendeley, RefWorks, or Microsoft Word’s referencing tools. The selected output style may require manual adjustment because the AED system combines numeric in-text citations with APA-based reference entries.

Before submission, authors must:

  • Remove duplicate reference entries.
  • Verify the spelling and order of all authors’ names and initials.
  • Confirm publication years, titles, journal and book names, volumes, issues, page ranges, article numbers, editions, editors, publishers, and institutional details.
  • Cross-check every in-text citation against the reference list.
  • Confirm that every reference-list entry is cited in the manuscript.
  • Verify that reference numbering follows the order of first appearance.
  • Confirm that every repeated citation retains its original number.
  • Test every DOI and ensure that it opens the correct cited publication.
  • Replace outdated URLs with stable links where available.
  • Replace preprints with final peer-reviewed versions when these have become available.
  • Check references for corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions.
  • Ensure consistent punctuation, capitalization, italics, spacing, and hyperlink formatting.
  • Recheck the complete citation sequence after adding, deleting, or moving text, tables, figures, or references.

Automated reference exports frequently contain errors. Authors must therefore compare the final entries with the original publications rather than relying solely on imported metadata.

7. Tables, Figures, and Equations

7.1 Numbering and citation

  • Tables, figures, and equations must be numbered consecutively in the order of their first appearance.
  • Use Arabic numerals: Table 1, Figure 1, and Equation (1).
  • Every table and figure must be explicitly mentioned in the main text before or near its appearance.
  • Do not use expressions such as “the table below,” “the figure above,” or “the following chart.” Cite the assigned number instead.
  • Ensure that numbering remains sequential after revisions.

7.2 Tables

  • Place the table number and a concise, descriptive title above the table.
  • Define all abbreviations, symbols, and statistical indicators in a note below the table when necessary.
  • Include measurement units in column or row headings.
  • Tables must present editable text rather than screenshots whenever possible.
  • Do not duplicate in the text all data already presented in a table; describe only the most important findings.

7.3 Figures

  • Place the figure number and explanatory caption below the figure unless the official template specifies otherwise.
  • Figures must be legible, appropriately sized, and of sufficient resolution for publication.
  • All axes, legends, scales, units, symbols, and panel labels must be clearly identified.
  • Colour choices must provide adequate contrast and should remain interpretable when printed in grayscale where possible.
  • Authors must not manipulate images in a way that misrepresents the underlying data.

7.4 Equations

  • Display important equations separately and number them consecutively using Arabic numerals in parentheses.
  • Refer to an equation in the text as Equation (1).
  • Define every symbol and variable when it first appears.
  • Use consistent mathematical notation and internationally accepted symbols throughout the manuscript.

7.5 Reproduced or adapted material

Tables and figures reproduced or adapted from published sources must include an appropriate citation and a source statement.

Examples:

  • Source: Reproduced from Smith et al. [12] with permission.
  • Source: Adapted from Smith et al. [12] under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 licence.

Authors are responsible for determining copyright status, obtaining any required written permission, complying with licence conditions, and retaining documentary evidence of permission. Citation alone does not replace copyright permission.

8. Units, Numbers, Symbols, Abbreviations, and Acronyms

8.1 Units and numbers

  • Use the International System of Units (SI) throughout the manuscript.
  • If a non-SI unit is scientifically necessary, provide its SI equivalent when first introduced.
  • Insert a space between a numerical value and its unit: 10 m, 25 kg, and 30 °C, except where the relevant convention requires otherwise.
  • Use a leading zero for values smaller than one: 0.25, not .25.
  • Use a decimal point rather than a decimal comma in English-language manuscripts.
  • Define specialized symbols and dimensionless quantities at first use.
  • Apply the same unit consistently when comparing related values.

8.2 Abbreviations and acronyms

  • Write each abbreviation or acronym in full at first appearance, followed by the shortened form in parentheses.
  • Define abbreviations independently at first use in both the Abstract and the main text.
  • After definition, use the abbreviation consistently within the relevant section.
  • Avoid unnecessary, uncommon, ambiguous, or author-invented abbreviations.
  • Do not begin a sentence with an abbreviation or symbol when it can reasonably be avoided.
  • Standard measurement units do not normally require definition.

Examples:

  • Geographic Information System (GIS)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • Building Information Modeling (BIM)
  • Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

9. Required Declarations

Authors must place the following sections after the Conclusion and before the References. Each heading must be retained. When a declaration does not apply, write “Not applicable.” rather than omitting it, unless the official template expressly provides a different instruction.

9.1 Acknowledgements

Identify individuals, institutions, facilities, or organizations that contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship. Obtain permission before naming an individual.

Example: The authors thank Dr A. Smith for technical assistance during the laboratory measurements.

If none: Not applicable.

9.2 Funding

Identify all financial support, grant providers, project numbers, and the funder’s role where applicable.

Funded-study example: This research was funded by [Full Name of Funding Organization], grant number [xxxxx]. The funder had no role in the study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; preparation of the manuscript; or decision to submit the paper.

No-funding statement: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

9.3 Conflicts of Interest

Disclose all financial, professional, institutional, or personal relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research.

No-conflict statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Conflict example: Author A has received consultancy fees from [Organization]. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

9.4 Data Availability Statement

Explain where and under what conditions the data, code, materials, or protocols supporting the findings can be accessed.

Open-data example: The data supporting the findings of this study are available in [Repository Name] at [DOI or stable URL].

On-request example: The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Restricted-data example: The data are not publicly available because of ethical, legal, privacy, or contractual restrictions. Requests may be directed to the corresponding author and will be considered subject to the applicable approvals.

No-new-data example: No new data were created or analysed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable.

9.5 Institutional Review Board Statement

For research involving humans, animals, personal data, or other regulated procedures, identify the approving body, approval number, and approval date. Where applicable, also state that informed consent was obtained.

Approval example: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the [Full Name of Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board] (Protocol Code [xxxxx], approved on [date]).

Not-applicable example: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants, animals, identifiable personal data, or procedures requiring institutional ethical approval.

Authors must not state “Not applicable” when ethical review was required but not obtained.

9.6 CRediT Author Statement

Describe each author’s contribution using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT): Conceptualization; Methodology; Software; Validation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Resources; Data curation; Writing—original draft; Writing—review and editing; Visualization; Supervision; Project administration; and Funding acquisition.

Example: Conceptualization, A.A. and B.B.; methodology, A.A.; software, C.C.; validation, B.B. and C.C.; formal analysis, A.A.; investigation, A.A. and B.B.; data curation, C.C.; writing—original draft, A.A.; writing—review and editing, B.B. and C.C.; visualization, C.C.; supervision, B.B.; project administration, A.A.; funding acquisition, B.B. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Only roles that apply should be included. Authorship credit must reflect genuine scholarly contributions and must not be assigned solely for administrative status, funding, supervision, or institutional position.

10. Final Author Checklist

Before submitting the manuscript, authors must confirm that:

  • Numeric citations are enclosed in square brackets.
  • References are numbered according to first appearance.
  • Citation ranges use an en dash.
  • Repeated citations retain the same number.
  • Every in-text citation has a matching reference-list entry.
  • Every reference-list entry is cited in the manuscript.
  • Reference entries follow the required APA-based format.
  • All authors’ names, dates, titles, publication details, DOIs, and URLs are accurate.
  • Journal titles and volume numbers are italicized correctly.
  • Article and chapter titles are written in sentence case.
  • The reference list contains no duplicate entries.
  • Recent, relevant, peer-reviewed, and high-quality evidence has been prioritized.
  • Excessive or unjustified self-citation has been avoided.
  • Retracted or unreliable sources have not been used as valid evidence.
  • All tables, figures, and equations are numbered and cited sequentially.
  • Permissions and source statements are provided for reproduced or adapted material.
  • SI units and internationally accepted symbols are used consistently.
  • All abbreviations are defined at first use in the Abstract and main text.
  • All required declaration headings appear after the Conclusion and before the References.
  • The entire manuscript complies with the current AED Full Paper Template.

Official Source of Information

These guidelines form part of the author requirements of the Intercontinental Geoinformation Days (IGD) Symposium. Authors must also comply with the current full-paper template, publication policies, ethical requirements, and submission instructions available on the official IGD Symposium website.